Open-loop and Closed-Loop Control System (overview)

Computer Organization & Embedded System — Real-Time Operating and Control System, NEC licence examination syllabus (Nepal Engineering Council).

Open-loop vs Closed-loop Control Systems

The difference between "hope it worked" and "check that it worked."

🔁 Open-loop vs Closed-loop

Open-loopController sends a command and never checks if it worked. Real example: a basic toaster timer — it doesn't check if bread is actually toasted, just runs for a fixed time.

Closed-loopOutput is measured (feedback) and compared to the desired value, and the controller adjusts accordingly. Real example: a thermostat measuring room temperature and adjusting the heater.

💡 One-liner: give one real device example each for open-loop and closed-loop control.

Syllabus points

Open-loop: definition, block diagram, example
Closed-loop: feedback, block diagram, example
Comparison

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